In the given experiment, we are measuring the influence of different quantities of fertilizer on plant growth. For an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that you change or control to test its effects on the dependent variable.
Here, the amount of fertilizer is varied across different pots, while other factors such as type of soil, type of plant, light conditions, and watering schedule are kept constant. Because the amount of fertilizer is the factor that is intentionally changed to observe its effect on plant growth, it is the independent variable of the experiment.
Therefore, the independent variable in this experiment is the amount of fertilizer.