Artificial selection involves intentional breeding for specific traits, contrasting natural selection where traits evolve in response to environmental pressures.
Selection of crops and livestock with desirable traits by farmers is an example of artificial selection. Through intentional breeding, farmers choose organisms with specific traits to produce offspring with those desired characteristics, shaping the evolution of those species for human benefit.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of natural selection, where bacteria with genetic variations that confer resistance survive exposure to antibiotics and pass on this trait to future generations, leading to the evolution of a population of resistant bacteria.
Pesticide resistance in insects is another instance of natural selection, where insects with genetic resistance to pesticides survive and reproduce, passing on this resistance and leading to the evolution of pesticide-resistant pest populations.
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