Final answer:
Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase behavior, positive punishment adds an undesirable stimulus to decrease behavior, and negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus to reduce behavior.
Explanation:
Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase a behavior. An example is giving a dog a treat after it shakes hands to encourage the behavior. This method aims to strengthen and encourage the desired action through the addition of a pleasant stimulus.
Contrary to reinforcement, positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. For instance, scolding a student to deter texting in class. Positive punishment seeks to weaken or eliminate unwanted behaviors by introducing an unpleasant consequence.
Negative punishment works by removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, taking away a favorite toy from a child who misbehaves. This approach aims to reduce undesirable actions by eliminating a positive element as a consequence.
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