Answer :

Sure! Let's reduce each of the given expressions step-by-step:

1. Reduce:
a) [tex]\( x^{12} \)[/tex]

Solution:
The expression [tex]\( x^{12} \)[/tex] is already in its simplest form. There is no further reduction needed.

Answer: [tex]\( x^{12} \)[/tex]

2. Reduce:
d) [tex]\( x^5 \)[/tex]

Solution:
The expression [tex]\( x^5 \)[/tex] is also already in its simplest form. There is no further reduction needed.

Answer: [tex]\( x^5 \)[/tex]

3. Reduce:
b) [tex]\( x \)[/tex]

Solution:
The expression [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is in its simplest form as well. There is no further reduction needed.

Answer: [tex]\( x \)[/tex]

4. Reduce:
e) [tex]\( x^{-2} \)[/tex]

Solution:
The expression [tex]\( x^{-2} \)[/tex] is already in its simplest form. There is no further reduction needed.

Answer: [tex]\( x^{-2} \)[/tex]

5. Reduce:
c) [tex]\( x^{10} \)[/tex]

Solution:
The expression [tex]\( x^{10} \)[/tex] is also in its simplest form. There is no further reduction needed.

Answer: [tex]\( x^{10} \)[/tex]

So, all the expressions are already in their simplest reduced forms:
- a) [tex]\( x^{12} \)[/tex]
- d) [tex]\( x^5 \)[/tex]
- b) [tex]\( x \)[/tex]
- e) [tex]\( x^{-2} \)[/tex]
- c) [tex]\( x^{10} \)[/tex]