7. Which policy did Mikhail Gorbachev initiate during his presidency that contributed to the situation described in the excerpt?

A. Collectivization
B. Russification
C. Glasnost
D. Nuclear rearmament

8. What is the significance of Mikhail Gorbachev's speech?

A. It led to a new nuclear arms race.
B. It signaled the end of the Cold War.
C. It predicted the eventual worldwide spread of communism.
D. It caused new countries to become part of the Soviet Union.

When women in the Third World are raised to a higher status, they do more than limit the size of their families. They are the group most likely to take action to increase the food supply and control disease. Grassroots human rights organizations believe that investment in women's enterprises is the best intervention they can make in developing countries where women do most of the farming. UNICEF discovered during the 1970s that women were the key to implementing public health measures. Educated women support vaccination programs, understand the need for clean water supplies, and persuade family members to seek professional medical aid before an entire village becomes sick.

Source: Linda Grant De Pauw, Battle Cries and Lullabies: Women in War from Prehistory to the Present

Which topic best supports the information presented in this passage?

A. Effectiveness of the United Nations in solving armed conflict
B. Roles of women in solving socio-economic issues
C. Areas of the world that are most affected by food security issues
D. Negative impacts of urbanization on the environment

Based on this passage, UNICEF would most likely support which course of action in the developing world?

A. Investing in women's enterprises
B. Expanding urban development
C. Increasing military presence
D. Limiting international trade