Luster, hardness, cleavage, and fracture are physical properties used to identify minerals based on how light interacts, strength, and break patterns.
Luster describes how light interacts with the surface of a mineral, with terms like metallic and non-metallic lusters used for classification.
Hardness of a mineral is measured by what minerals it can scratch and what can scratch it, known as Mohs scale.
Cleavage and fracture describe how minerals break, with cleavage along flat surfaces and fracture showing patterns of breakage.
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