Answer and Explanation: The independent variable is whether the student groups have access to calculators or not. The independent variable is the variable being manipulated by researchers in the experiment to determine whether it has an effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the independent variable is calculator access, because one student group has access to calculators while the other doesn't
The dependent variable is how long it takes each group of students to complete the math problems. The dependent variable is the variable being observed and collected by the researchers. In this case, the researchers are trying to compare the speed of the two groups at solving math problems, so that is the dependent variable.
The control group is the student group without calculators. In an experiment, the control group is the group that is not exposed to the independent variable. Thus, the group of students that don't have calculator access is serving as the control group for this experiment.
The constant is the number of math problems each group is given. Constants are other variables that are kept constant across all experimental groups in order to truly ascertain the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Since the question mentions that both groups have to answer the same math problems, the quantity and content of questions is a constant variable in this experiment.
