Answer :
Answer: option 4. polar, with the chlorine end having a partial negative charge.
Explanation:
1) A polar bond is a covalent bond in which the electrons are pulled more strongly by one of the atoms and then they are not evely distributed between the two linked atoms.
2) That happens when the two atoms have diferent electronegativities.
3) As the per periodic table trend of the electronegativity, you can predict that the electronetativity of Cl is higher than that of P.
In fact, in a table of electronegativities you can find that the electronegativity of Cl is 3.16 while the electronegativity of P is 2.19.
This is a 3.16 - 2.19 = 0.97 difference.
As explained, that difference means that Cl will pull the electrons more strongly resulting if a partial negative charge on Cl and a partial positive charge on P, i.e. a polar bond.
A phosphorus-chlorine bond is expected to be [tex]\boxed{{\text{4}}{\text{. Polar, with the chlorine end having a partial negative charge}}{\text{.}}}[/tex]
Further Explanation:
The attraction between atoms, molecules or ions which results in the formation of chemical compounds is known as a chemical bond. It is formed either due to electrostatic forces or by the sharing of electrons. There are many strong bonds such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds while some weak bonds like dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.
The polarity of any bond can be determined by the electronegativity difference. If there exists an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms then the bond is polar and if there is no electronegativity difference between the atoms then the bond is nonpolar.
In the case of phosphorus-chlorine bond, chlorine is more electronegative than phosphorus. So the electrons will be more attracted towards chlorine due to which it develops a partial negative charge. Phosphorus, being less electronegative than chlorine, in turn acquires a partial positive charge. This separation of charge results in the formation of a polar bond between phosphorus and chlorine.
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ionic and covalent compounds
Keywords: phosphorus, chlorine, polar, nonpolar, electronegativity, chemical bond, attraction, partial positive, partial negative charge, electrons, ionic bonds, metallic bonds, covalent bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding.
