Answer :

 I believe in Nubia and Ethiopia, according the World Civilizations AP Edition.
Timeframe?

Egypt and Nubia (Sudan) had a thriving culture before Islam arrived, which still exists but has just been changed. 

The Empires of West Africa such as Mali, Ghana, etc. They were fabulously wealthy (supposedly) and had a huge culture that isn't well known today.

South africa - Afro-British culture lasting centuries

The Great Lakes - lots of folklore and myths, including legendary kingdoms and vomiting gods.

etc.