In “Howl,” Allen Ginsberg addresses several conflicts, both personal and societal, which are introduced and often resolved through his poetic expression:
1. Personal Conflict with Society: Ginsberg confronts the societal norms of his time, expressing his disillusionment and frustration with the conformity and consumerism of post-World War II America.
2. Spiritual Conflict: The poem delves into Ginsberg’s spiritual quest, his search for meaning, and his struggle to find spirituality in a materialistic world.
3. Sexual Conflict: Ginsberg explores his own sexuality and the societal conflicts surrounding homosexuality in a conservative society.
4. Mental Conflict: The poem reflects Ginsberg’s own struggles with mental health, including his experiences with depression and breakdowns.
5. Conflict with Authority: Ginsberg challenges the authority of institutions, including government and religion, questioning their legitimacy and moral authority.
6. Cultural Conflict: He portrays the conflicts between different cultural and social groups, particularly the clash between the Beat Generation and mainstream American culture.
7. Freedom of Expression vs. Censorship: Ginsberg confronts censorship and the restrictions placed on freedom of expression, particularly in literature and the arts.
Through the raw and passionate language of “Howl,” Ginsberg not only introduces these conflicts but also attempts to resolve them by bringing them into the open, challenging societal norms, and seeking personal and societal liberation.
