The method by which a cell's cytoplasm divides is called cytokinesis. This process occurs after the completion of mitosis, which is the division of the nucleus. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two daughter cells, each containing a nucleus. This ensures that each new cell has a complete set of organelles and genetic material necessary for its functions.
In the context of the given multiple-choice options:
- A. DNA replication is the process of copying DNA before cell division, not the division of the cytoplasm.
- B. Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle when the cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and prepares for cell division, but it is not the phase where the cytoplasm divides.
- C. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei with identical genetic material but does not involve the cytoplasmic division.
- D. Cytokinesis is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
Regarding the phase of cell division in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes:
- This process occurs during prophase, which is the first stage of mitosis. In prophase, the chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins, condenses and coils tightly to form visible chromosomes. This condensation allows the chromosomes to be easily separated and distributed into the daughter cells during cell division.
Understanding these processes is crucial to grasp the intricacies of cell division and the importance of each step in ensuring the proper distribution of genetic material and organelles to maintain cell function and integrity.
