The function of the macromolecule subunits listed is as follows:
1. Phosphate: Phosphate groups are crucial components of nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. They play a vital role in storing and transferring energy within cells through molecules like ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Pentose: Pentose sugars, such as ribose and deoxyribose, are found in the backbone of nucleic acids. They provide structural stability to DNA and RNA molecules by forming the sugar-phosphate backbone.
3. Sugar: Sugars, including monosaccharides and disaccharides, serve as energy sources and structural components in cells. They are essential for cellular respiration, providing fuel for metabolic processes, and can also be used for energy storage.
4. Nitrogenous Base: Nitrogenous bases are key components of nucleotides in nucleic acids. They determine the genetic code and sequence of DNA and RNA molecules. The pairing of nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine in DNA) is fundamental to the genetic information storage and transfer processes in cells.
