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In the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), the ruling was that both the Rhode Island statute and the Pennsylvania statute violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This clause prohibits the government from establishing or favoring any religion.
The Supreme Court applied a three-pronged test, known as the Lemon test, to determine if a statute violates the Establishment Clause:
1. The statute must have a secular legislative purpose.
2. The primary effect of the statute must not be to advance or inhibit religion.
3. The statute must not result in excessive entanglement between government and religion.
Both statutes in this case failed to meet these criteria, as they involved state funding that primarily benefited Catholic schools, thus entangling the government with religion and violating the Establishment Clause.
Therefore, the correct answer to your question would be "OA & B," meaning that both the Rhode Island and Pennsylvania statutes were found to violate the Establishment Clause in Lemon v. Kurtzman.
