Answer: Effect ➜ Affect
Explanation:
The error in the given sentence is "This medication may effect your mental alertness." Instead of effect, we want to use affect. The correct sentence is "This medication may affect your mental alertness."
Effect and affect are two words that are commonly mixed up. Affect is a verb, while effect is a noun. Affect is the action of an effect. The effect is a change in your mental alertness, but the medication is affecting you, it is not the effect.