To identify the term that does not belong in each group, let's analyze them step by step:
A.
1. Loop of Henle: This is a part of the nephron in the kidney involved in water reabsorption and concentration of urine.
2. Urinary bladder: This is an organ that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.
3. Proximal tubule: This is another part of the nephron involved in reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients.
4. Glomerulus: This is a network of capillaries in the kidney where filtration of blood occurs.
The term that does not belong in group A is "urinary bladder" as it is not directly related to the processes of filtration, reabsorption, or concentration of urine in the kidney.
B.
1. Glandular: Relating to or affecting a gland.
2. Membranous: Having a membrane or resembling a membrane.
3. Spongy: Soft and porous like a sponge.
4. Prostatic: Relating to the prostate gland.
The term that does not fit in group B is "spongy" as it does not directly relate to characteristics of glands or membranous structures.
C.
1. Osmosis: Movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution.
2. Reabsorption: Process of absorbing substances back into the bloodstream from the filtrate in the kidney tubules.
3. Filtration: Process of passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove solid particles.
4. Secretion: Release of substances from a cell or gland.
The term that stands out in group C is "osmosis" as it is a different process compared to the others, which are all related to kidney function.
D.
1. Glucose: A simple sugar used by cells for energy.
2. Amino acids: Building blocks of proteins.
3. Urea: Nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism excreted in urine.
4. Vitamins: Essential organic compounds needed in small amounts for various physiological functions.
In group D, the term that does not belong is "glucose" as it is a nutrient used for energy production and differs from the waste products and essential nutrients listed.
By identifying the terms that do not fit based on their characteristics and functions, we can distinguish the odd term in each group effectively.
