Which of the following is NOT true regarding the poor in major American cities?

a. A history of racial segregation, federal subsidies, and rigid zoning laws in newer suburbs leaves older communities with a greater share of the region's poor residents.
b. Metropolitan fragmentation means that many businesses and industries generating tax revenue are outside of the traditional city's reach, leaving the poor without a tax base to pay for public services.
c. Poor suburbs are more heavily in debt than more affluent suburbs.
d. Suburban cities where the less affluent do reside spend less per person even though they have less valuable property to tax.