Final answer:
Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying Heart Rate by Stroke Volume, which are influenced by factors like preload, contractility, and afterload.
Explanation:
Cardiac output is determined by multiplying Heart Rate (HR) by Stroke Volume (SV). HR is regulated by autonomic stimulation and hormones, while SV is the difference between End Diastolic Volume (EDV) and End Systolic Volume (ESV). The factors influencing SV include preload, contractility, and afterload.
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