Answer :
Final answer:
John Locke, a prominent English philosopher, emphasized natural rights and the social contract theory in his work. His ideas influenced the U.S. founding fathers and promoted democratic governance and individual liberties.
Explanation:
John Locke was an English philosopher known for his work on natural law and natural rights. In his Second Treatise on Government, Locke emphasized the idea that individuals have inherent rights such as life, liberty, and property. He believed in the social contract theory and the importance of a just government that protects these rights.
Locke's philosophy influenced the founding fathers of the United States, with echoes of his ideas found in the Declaration of Independence. His promotion of democratic governments and the concept of popular sovereignty resonated in the political landscape of his time.
Locke's belief in the divine origin of natural rights and the positive view of humankind contrasted with Hobbes' more pessimistic outlook. His advocacy for individual liberties and restrictions on government power continues to be influential in political thought.
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