The winter solstice marks the lowest maximum angular altitude of the Sun, leading to shorter days and colder temperatures. Intensity of incoming solar radiation varies with sun angles, being highest in summer and lowest in winter. The Earth's tilt causes distinct seasons and phenomena like the polar night during the winter solstice.
The winter solstice occurs when the Earth's axis is tilted away from the Sun during its orbit, resulting in the lowest maximum angular altitude of the Sun in the sky. This causes the Sun to rise south of east, move low across the sky, and set south of west in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to shorter days.
The intensity of incoming solar radiation varies with sun angles, which are highest during summer due to the Earth's tilt toward the Sun and lowest during winter when the Earth is tilted away. This phenomenon results in milder northern winters and summers.
During the winter solstice, the Earth's axis orientation points the North Pole away from the Sun, triggering the cold polar night in the far north and the 24-hour polar day in the far south at about 66 1/2° latitude.
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