Answer :
Let's analyze the given data table to answer the statements about the relationship between depth, density, and thickness of Earth's layers.
### Step-by-Step Analysis:
1. Analyzing Density Changes with Depth:
- Crust: Density ranges from 2.2 g/cm³ (top) to 2.9 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Upper Mantle: Density ranges from 3.4 g/cm³ (top) to 4.4 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Lower Mantle: Density ranges from 4.4 g/cm³ (top) to 5.6 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Outer Core: Density ranges from 9.9 g/cm³ (top) to 12.2 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Inner Core: Density ranges from 12.8 g/cm³ (top) to 13.1 g/cm³ (bottom)
To determine if the density always increases with depth, we need to check that the bottom density of one layer is always less than the top density of the next deeper layer:
- Crust (bottom) 2.9 < Upper Mantle (top) 3.4
- Upper Mantle (bottom) 4.4 < Lower Mantle (top) 4.4 (not strictly increasing)
- Lower Mantle (bottom) 5.6 < Outer Core (top) 9.9
- Outer Core (bottom) 12.2 < Inner Core (top) 12.8
Since the density does not strictly increase between the Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle (4.4 is not less than 4.4), the statement "As depth increases, the density of the layers increases" is False.
2. Analyzing Thickness Changes with Depth:
- Crust: 30 km
- Upper Mantle: 720 km
- Lower Mantle: 2,171 km
- Outer Core: 2,259 km
- Inner Core: 1,221 km
To determine if thickness increases with depth, we need to compare the thickness of each layer sequentially:
- Crust (30) < Upper Mantle (720) : True
- Upper Mantle (720) < Lower Mantle (2,171) : True
- Lower Mantle (2,171) < Outer Core (2,259) : True
- Outer Core (2,259) > Inner Core (1,221) : False
Since the thickness decreases from the Outer Core to the Inner Core, the statement "As depth increases, the thickness of the layers increases" is False.
3. Statements About Density and Thickness with Depth:
Based on our analysis of the data:
- As depth increases, the density of the layers increases. (False)
- As depth increases, the density of the layers decreases. (False)
- As depth increases, the thickness of the layers increases. (False)
- As depth increases, the thickness of the layers decreases. (True from the Outer Core to the Inner Core specifically, but generally not consistent)
By carefully analyzing the presented data, we derive the correct logical outcomes.
### Step-by-Step Analysis:
1. Analyzing Density Changes with Depth:
- Crust: Density ranges from 2.2 g/cm³ (top) to 2.9 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Upper Mantle: Density ranges from 3.4 g/cm³ (top) to 4.4 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Lower Mantle: Density ranges from 4.4 g/cm³ (top) to 5.6 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Outer Core: Density ranges from 9.9 g/cm³ (top) to 12.2 g/cm³ (bottom)
- Inner Core: Density ranges from 12.8 g/cm³ (top) to 13.1 g/cm³ (bottom)
To determine if the density always increases with depth, we need to check that the bottom density of one layer is always less than the top density of the next deeper layer:
- Crust (bottom) 2.9 < Upper Mantle (top) 3.4
- Upper Mantle (bottom) 4.4 < Lower Mantle (top) 4.4 (not strictly increasing)
- Lower Mantle (bottom) 5.6 < Outer Core (top) 9.9
- Outer Core (bottom) 12.2 < Inner Core (top) 12.8
Since the density does not strictly increase between the Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle (4.4 is not less than 4.4), the statement "As depth increases, the density of the layers increases" is False.
2. Analyzing Thickness Changes with Depth:
- Crust: 30 km
- Upper Mantle: 720 km
- Lower Mantle: 2,171 km
- Outer Core: 2,259 km
- Inner Core: 1,221 km
To determine if thickness increases with depth, we need to compare the thickness of each layer sequentially:
- Crust (30) < Upper Mantle (720) : True
- Upper Mantle (720) < Lower Mantle (2,171) : True
- Lower Mantle (2,171) < Outer Core (2,259) : True
- Outer Core (2,259) > Inner Core (1,221) : False
Since the thickness decreases from the Outer Core to the Inner Core, the statement "As depth increases, the thickness of the layers increases" is False.
3. Statements About Density and Thickness with Depth:
Based on our analysis of the data:
- As depth increases, the density of the layers increases. (False)
- As depth increases, the density of the layers decreases. (False)
- As depth increases, the thickness of the layers increases. (False)
- As depth increases, the thickness of the layers decreases. (True from the Outer Core to the Inner Core specifically, but generally not consistent)
By carefully analyzing the presented data, we derive the correct logical outcomes.