In the 670s, the leadership of Islam was determined through conflicts and tensions among different factions within the Islamic community, leading to 'Ali being elected as the leader amidst challenges.
In the 670s, the leadership of Islam was determined through significant tensions and disagreements among different factions within the Islamic community. Following Muhammad's death, the issue of leadership caused immediate tensions within the Islamic ummah, leading to a civil war between the family of Muhammad and the Umayyads. Eventually, 'Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, was elected as the leader, but his rule faced challenges, including suppressing revolts and engaging in the first civil war in Islam.
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