Final answer:
Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air, while respiration is the biochemical process of converting food molecules into energy. Glucose oxidation for energy involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Mitochondria play a crucial role in producing ATP during cellular respiration.
Explanation:
Breathing vs. Respiration:
- Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air, while respiration is the biochemical process of converting food molecules into energy.
- During breathing, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released, whereas in respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce energy in the form of ATP.
- Breathing occurs in the respiratory system, while respiration takes place in the cells of the body.
Glucose Oxidation for Energy:
- In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
- In the citric acid cycle, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and undergoes further oxidation, generating more ATP and electron carriers.
- Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, where electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Mitochondria and ATP Production:
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, where the majority of ATP is produced through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular Respiration vs. Burning:
Cellular respiration and burning both involve the oxidation of molecules to release energy, but cellular respiration is a controlled process that efficiently generates ATP, while burning is uncontrolled and releases energy as heat and light.
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