Final answer:
El Niño and La Niña are short-term climate phenomena affecting global weather patterns through changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures.
Explanation:
El Niño is a short-term climate phenomenon characterized by warmer than usual surface water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean, leading to impacts on global weather patterns. During El Niño events, the trade winds weaken, and nutrient-rich upwellings along the west coast of South America are disrupted.
La Niña, on the other hand, is a phenomenon where the Pacific Ocean experiences colder than usual temperatures, resulting in different climatic effects worldwide.
These oceanic temperature changes influence factors such as the Walker Cell and Southern Oscillation, ultimately affecting weather conditions across the globe.
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