Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses differ in how they provide information about nouns, with restrictions being essential and non-restrictions offering extra details.
Restrictive clauses are adjectivals that provide necessary information to define a noun, narrowing down its meaning without commas. For example, in the sentence 'The astronaut who first stepped on the moon was Neil Armstrong,' 'who first stepped on the moon' is a restrictive clause because it identifies a specific astronaut.
Non-restrictive clauses, on the other hand, offer supplementary information and are set off by commas. In the sentence 'The parrot, which must have been tame, flew out of the tree,' 'which must have been tame' is a non-restrictive clause as it provides additional, non-essential details.
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