Let's determine the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and dissolved sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with all reactants and products in the aqueous or liquid phase.
First, let's review the provided options:
1. \( \text{HCl} ( \text{aq} ) + \text{NaOH} ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{NaCl} ( \text{s} ) + \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) \)
2. \( \text{H}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{CaSO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) \)
3. \( \text{H}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{NaOH} ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) \)
4. \( 2 \text{Hg}_3 \text{PO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 3 \text{Ca(OH)}_2 ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{Ca}_3( \text{PO}_4 )_2 ( \text{s} ) + 6 \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) \)
To find the correct reaction, we analyze the reactants and the products involved.
For sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacting with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we get:
- \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\) is a strong acid.
- \(\text{NaOH}\) is a strong base.
When they react, they undergo a neutralization reaction:
[tex]\[\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2 \text{NaOH}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O}(\ell)\][/tex]
Thus, the balanced chemical equation is:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{NaOH} ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) \][/tex]
So, the correct formula equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and dissolved sodium hydroxide (with all reactants and products in the aqueous or liquid phase) is:
[tex]\[ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{NaOH} ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} ( \ell ) \][/tex]
Therefore, the correct option is:
[tex]\[ \boxed{ \text{H}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{NaOH} ( \text{aq} ) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2 \text{SO}_4 ( \text{aq} ) + 2 \text{H}_2 \text{O} ( \ell ) } \][/tex]
