Final answer:
Speciation is the process of a single population evolving into two or more separate species due to various factors, including environmental changes and genetic isolation.
Explanation:
Speciation is the process in which a single population divides into two or more separate species over time due to various factors such as environmental changes or genetic isolation. This can involve chromosomal rearrangements, changes in reproductive mechanisms, or behavioral shifts that prevent successful interbreeding between the diverging populations.
One common form of speciation is allopatric speciation, where populations become geographically isolated, leading to distinct evolutionary paths and eventually the formation of new species. An example is the divergence of squirrel species on different sides of the Grand Canyon due to geographic barriers.
Interspecific competition can also play a role in speciation, as it may lead to the extinction of one species or drive the evolution of greater specialization in competing species, highlighting the interplay between competition and species diversification.
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