Sure, let's take a detailed look at the associations and bacterial shapes to interpret the table correctly.
1. Form/Shape Associations:
- Coccus: These are spherical or round-shaped bacteria.
- Bacillus: These are rod-shaped bacteria.
- Spirillum: These are spiral-shaped bacteria.
2. Associated Diseases:
- Coccus (Strep throat): Strep throat is typically caused by the spherical bacterium known as Streptococcus.
- Bacillus: The specific disease associated by the Rod-shaped bacteria is what we need to verify for Y. Diseases caused by rod-shaped bacteria include diseases caused by E. coli (which causes various infections including urinary tract infections) and more.
- Spirillum (Cholera): Cholera is caused by the spiral-shaped bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae.
Now, let's look at the options given and match them accordingly:
- [tex]$X=$[/tex] Spherical; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] E. coli:
- X is correct because Coccus equals spherical.
- Y is partially correct because E. coli is rod-shaped, but it typically isn't the singular best descriptor disease-wise related to Bacillus.
- [tex]$X=$[/tex] Comma shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] Whooping cough:
- X is incorrect because Cocci are not comma-shaped, they are spherical.
- Y is partially correct as Whooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis, which is also rod-shaped. But comma shaped is an incorrect match.
- [tex]$X=$[/tex] Oval shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] S. aureus:
- X is incorrect because Coccus is spherical, not oval.
- Y is partially correct as S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is spherical, cocci bacteria cause diseases like skin infections, not typical for bacillus.
- [tex]$X=$[/tex] Rod shaped; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] Pneumonia:
- X is incorrect because coccus should be spherical, not rod-shaped.
- Y is correct as Pneumonia can be caused by various agents, but when caused by bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, it fits.
By eliminating incorrect matches, the first option `[tex]$X=$[/tex] Spherical; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] E. coli` fits best with the known shapes and associated diseases, even though E. coli is not the most characteristic rod-shaped bacterium related to a specific disease, it's broadly recognized.
Thus, the best description is:
```
[tex]$X=$[/tex] Spherical; [tex]$Y=$[/tex] E. coli
```
