Refutation requires evidence and reasoning; Counterargument responds with evidence and reasoning to opponents' central arguments.
Refutation requires evidence and reasoning for support, while a counterargument involves understanding your opponent's central argument and responding with evidence and reasoning. In refutation, you respond to opposing views by pointing out weaknesses and emphasizing the strength of your position. On the other hand, in a counterargument, you acknowledge opposing views and respond to shortcomings in reasoning within those views.
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