Final answer:
Observational studies gather data without manipulating variables, as seen in different research scenarios presented.
Explanation:
An observational study involves gathering data without manipulating variables. For the given options:
- OA. Having customers answer questions about their satisfaction is an observational study.
- OB. Measuring patient weights is not an observational study.
- C. Testing a reading program is an observational study as it observes the impact without manipulation.
- OD. Asking voters about their preference is not an observational study.
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