Let's analyze the problem step-by-step using the provided table and determine the appropriate descriptions for [tex]\( X \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Y \)[/tex].
We have the following table structure:
| Form | Shape | Associated disease |
|----------|---------------|--------------------|
| Coccus | [tex]\( X \)[/tex] | Strep throat |
| Bacillus | Rod shaped | [tex]\( Y \)[/tex] |
| Spirillum| Spiral | Cholera |
We need to determine the best descriptions for [tex]\( X \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Y \)[/tex].
1. Understanding the given forms and shapes:
- Coccus bacteria are known to be spherical in shape.
- Bacillus bacteria are rod shaped.
- Spirillum bacteria are spiral in shape.
2. Association with diseases:
- Bacillus is often associated with rod shaped bacteria like E. coli.
Given this understanding, let's verify the answer choices:
1. Option 1: [tex]\( X = \text{Spherical} \)[/tex]; [tex]\( Y = \text{E. coli} \)[/tex]:
- Coccus being spherical matches our knowledge.
- Bacillus being associated with E. coli is accurate.
2. Option 2: [tex]\( X = \text{Comma shaped} \)[/tex]; [tex]\( Y = \text{Whooping cough} \)[/tex]:
- Coccus being comma shaped is incorrect, as Coccus bacteria are spherical.
- Whooping cough is actually associated with the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which is not a Bacillus.
3. Option 3: [tex]\( X = \text{Oval shaped} \)[/tex]; [tex]\( Y = \text{S. aurelis} \)[/tex]:
- Coccus bacteria are not oval shaped; they are spherical.
- Staphylococcus aureus, although related to various conditions, does not fit the Bacillus definition since it is a type of Coccus.
4. Option 4: [tex]\( X = \text{Rod shaped} \)[/tex]; [tex]\( Y = \text{Pneumonia} \)[/tex]:
- Coccus bacteria being rod shaped is incorrect.
- Pneumonia can be caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (a Coccus), not necessarily Bacillus.
From these evaluations, we find that Option 1 is the best fit:
- [tex]\( X = \text{Spherical} \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( Y = \text{E. coli} \)[/tex]
Thus, the appropriate descriptions for [tex]\( X \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Y \)[/tex] are:
[tex]\( X = \text{Spherical} \)[/tex]; [tex]\( Y = \text{E. coli} \)[/tex]
