Final answer:
Light bends when it moves from one medium to another due to a change in speed. Snell's Law defines this bending using the index of refraction. Understanding index of refraction is crucial in predicting how light behaves in different materials.
Explanation:
Refraction of light is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed. This change in speed causes the light ray to change direction.
The 2nd law of refraction (Snell's Law) states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the speeds of light in the two media, which can be expressed as n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.
The index of refraction (n) is a key factor in determining the speed of light in a material, and it affects how much light bends as it enters a different medium.
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