Final answer:
The Reformation in Europe led by Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church's authority, sparking the emergence of Protestantism.
Explanation:
The Reformation in Europe during the sixteenth century was a period marked by significant religious and political upheaval. Martin Luther's actions, such as posting the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, challenged the teachings and authority of the Catholic Church, leading to the emergence of Protestantism. The Reformation was not only a religious movement but also intertwined with political and social factors, ultimately reshaping the fabric of European society.
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