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### Activity 3: Breathing Investigation

The table below shows results obtained from an experiment where two learners recorded their heart rates and breathing rates at rest, after walking up and down two sets of stairs, and after running up and down two flights of stairs.

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\cline{2-7}
& \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Heart Rate (beats per minute)} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Breathing Rate (breaths per minute)} \\
\hline
& At rest & Walking & Running & At rest & Walking & Running \\
\hline
Learner 1 & 68 & 63 & 112 & 12 & 12 & 16 \\
\hline
Learner 2 & 72 & 86 & 120 & 12 & 12 & 14 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

1. State the aim of the investigation.
(3)

2. What do you observe happened to the heart rate of both learners after running up the stairs?
(1)

3. What do you observe happened to the breathing rate of both learners after running up the stairs?
(1)

4. Draw a histogram of the breathing rate of both learners at rest, after walking up and down two flights of stairs, and after running up and down the two flights of stairs.

5. Write a conclusion that can be drawn from the above experiment.
(3)



Answer :

GinnyAnswer
### 1. State the aim of the investigation.
The aim of this investigation is to observe and compare the changes in heart rate and breathing rate of two learners at rest, after walking, and after running up and down two flights of stairs. By examining these physiological parameters, we can understand how physical activities of varying intensities affect the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

### 2. What do you observe happened to the heart rate of both learners after running up the stairs?
After running up the stairs, the heart rate of both learners increased significantly. Learner 1's heart rate increased to 112 beats per minute, and Learner 2's heart rate increased to 120 beats per minute. This suggests that running up the stairs significantly increases cardiac activity.

### 3. What do you observe happened to the breathing rate of both learners after running up the stairs?
After running up the stairs, the breathing rate of both learners also increased. Learner 1's breathing rate increased to 16 breaths per minute, and Learner 2's breathing rate increased to 14 breaths per minute. This indicates that intense physical activity significantly raises the respiratory rate.

### 4. Draw a histogram of the breathing rate of both learners at rest, after walking up and down 2 flights of stairs, and after running up and down 2 flights of stairs.
To illustrate the breathing rates, we will conceptualize the histogram.

#### Histogram (Breathing Rates of Learners):

```
Breathing Rate (breaths per minute)
__ __
|__|Learner 1 - At rest Learner 2 - At rest
__ __ __ __
|__||__|Learner 1 - Walking Learner 2 - Walking
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
| || ||__|Learner 1 - Running Learner 2 - Running

10 12 14 16 18
Breaths per minute
```


### 5. Write a conclusion that can be drawn from the above experiment.
The experiment demonstrates that both heart rate and breathing rate significantly increase with physical activity. At rest, both learners showed lower heart and breathing rates. These rates modestly increased after walking and showed a notable rise after running up and down two flights of stairs. This indicates that more intense physical activities demand higher oxygen intake and faster blood circulation to sustain the increased metabolic requirements of the body. Overall, the study highlights the body's physiological response to different levels of exertion.

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