To identify each of the highlighted materials as an element, a compound, or a mixture, let's first review the definitions:
- Element: A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. It consists of only one type of atom.
- Compound: A substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.
- Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can vary in their proportions.
Let's consider each of the materials in question:
1. Butane [tex]$\left( C_4H_{10}\right)$[/tex]:
- Composition: Consists of four carbon (C) atoms and ten hydrogen (H) atoms.
- Reasoning: Butane is made up of two different elements (carbon and hydrogen) chemically bonded together. It has a specific chemical formula indicating a fixed proportion.
- Classification: Compound.
2. Dodecane [tex]$\left( C_{12}H_{26}\right)$[/tex]:
- Composition: Consists of twelve carbon (C) atoms and twenty-six hydrogen (H) atoms.
- Reasoning: Like butane, dodecane is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded in a specific ratio.
- Classification: Compound.
3. Octane [tex]$\left( C_8H_{18}\right)$[/tex]:
- Composition: Consists of eight carbon (C) atoms and eighteen hydrogen (H) atoms.
- Reasoning: Octane is another hydrocarbon with a fixed chemical formula indicating a set ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms.
- Classification: Compound.
4. Benzene [tex]$\left( C_6H_6\right)$[/tex]:
- Composition: Consists of six carbon (C) atoms and six hydrogen (H) atoms.
- Reasoning: Benzene is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a fixed 1:1 ratio, forming a distinct aromatic compound.
- Classification: Compound.
5. Gasoline/Kerosene:
- Composition: Combination of various hydrocarbons, including butane, octane, and others.
- Reasoning: These fuels are not composed of a single type of compound but are instead a blend of different hydrocarbons. The proportions of the components can vary.
- Classification: Mixture.
In summary:
- Butane: Compound
- Dodecane: Compound
- Octane: Compound
- Benzene: Compound
- Gasoline/Kerosene: Mixture
This classification is based on the nature of the materials and their composition. The hydrocarbons listed as individual entities are compounds due to their fixed chemical structures, while gasoline and kerosene are mixtures because they consist of varying combinations of different hydrocarbons.
