To compare which element forms a compound with oxygen most and least similar to the chemical formula of the compound formed by oxygen and cesium, we need to analyze the compounds' chemical formulas and the valence of each element with oxygen.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Cesium (Cs) forms Cs₂O:
- The compound formed by cesium and oxygen is Cs₂O, where Cesium has a valence of +1.
2. Analyze the given elements:
- Barium (Ba):
- Barium forms BaO with oxygen, implying Barium has a valence of +2.
- Lithium (Li):
- Lithium forms Li₂O with oxygen, implying Lithium has a valence of +1.
- Calcium (Ca):
- Calcium forms CaO with oxygen, implying Calcium has a valence of +2.
- Sulfur (S):
- Sulfur typically forms compounds such as SO₂ or SO₃, implying Sulfur has a valence of -2.
3. Determine the most similar to Cesium (Cs):
- We look for an element that forms a compound with oxygen similar to Cs₂O. Here, we need an element that also has a valence of +1 when combined with oxygen.
- Lithium (Li) forms Li₂O, which matches the chemical formula structure of Cs₂O since both cesium and lithium have a valence of +1.
4. Determine the least similar to Cesium (Cs):
- We compare the remaining elements to see which one forms a compound least like Cs₂O. This compound would have a significantly different valence or stoichiometry compared to +1.
- Sulfur (S) forms SO₂ or SO₃, which implies a valence of -2, differing significantly from the +1 valence of cesium, making it the least similar.
Final Decision:
- Most similar to Cesium: Lithium (Li₂O)
- Least similar to Cesium: Sulfur (SO₂ or SO₃)
We can now record this in the table:
[tex]\[
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\cline{2-5}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & barium & lithium & calcium & sulfur \\
\hline
most similar to cesium & 0 & X & 0 & \\
\hline
least similar to cesium & 0 & 0 & 0 & X \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\][/tex]
