To identify the number of valence electrons available for bonding for each of the elements, we refer to their positions in the periodic table.
1. Carbon (C) - Carbon is in Group 14 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have four valence electrons.
- Therefore, Carbon (C) has four valence electrons.
2. Hydrogen (H) - Hydrogen belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have one valence electron.
- Therefore, Hydrogen (H) has one valence electron.
3. Nitrogen (N) - Nitrogen is found in Group 15 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have five valence electrons.
- Therefore, Nitrogen (N) has five valence electrons.
4. Oxygen (O) - Oxygen is in Group 16 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have six valence electrons.
- Therefore, Oxygen (O) has six valence electrons.
5. Phosphorus (P) - Phosphorus is also in Group 15 of the periodic table, like Nitrogen. Hence, it has five valence electrons.
- Therefore, Phosphorus (P) has five valence electrons.
6. Chlorine (Cl) - Chlorine is in Group 17 of the periodic table. The elements in this group have seven valence electrons.
- Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) has seven valence electrons.
In summary, the number of valence electrons for each of these elements is:
- C: four
- H: one
- N: five
- O: six
- P: five
- Cl: seven
