Answer :
The universal themes in the passages from "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding provide insights into human behavior and societal dynamics.
1. **Relation between individual desires and community needs**:
- Passage 1 illustrates the conflict between Ralph's desire for rescue and the other boys' focus on hunting for meat. This highlights the tension between individual wants and the collective needs of the group.
2. **Importance of hope to human happiness**:
- Although not directly mentioned in the provided text, the idea of hope is crucial for maintaining morale and mental well-being. Without hope, individuals may struggle to find meaning or purpose, impacting their overall happiness.
3. **Relation between the two universal themes**:
- These themes are interconnected as they address different aspects of human nature and group dynamics.
- The conflict between individual desires and community needs can lead to a lack of trust among people, as seen in Passage 1 where Ralph's frustration stems from the group's divergent priorities.
- On the other hand, the importance of hope to human happiness can influence how individuals navigate conflicting goals within a community. Hope can serve as a unifying factor that encourages cooperation and understanding, even in challenging circumstances.
In conclusion, these universal themes in "Lord of the Flies" shed light on the complexities of human behavior, interpersonal relationships, and the delicate balance between individual aspirations and collective responsibilities.