An experiment in biology involves controlled investigations to test hypotheses, such as the influential Salk's polio vaccine trial. Experimental design plays a vital role in establishing causal relationships and ensuring the validity of scientific conclusions.
An experiment is a special type of scientific investigation conducted under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis by manipulating variables and observing their effects on the outcome. Sample size, repetition, and experimental design are crucial aspects that influence the validity and reliability of experiment results.
One example of a groundbreaking experiment in human biology is the Salk's polio vaccine trial in 1953, where a significant drop in polio cases was observed in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group, supporting the hypothesis that the vaccine prevented the disease.
Through experimental design, scientists aim to establish causal relationships between variables, control for confounding factors, and compare experimental groups with control groups, ensuring the credibility of their findings.
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