In biology, the levels of organization from atom to biosphere are as follows:
1. Atom: Atoms are the basic units of matter. They combine to form molecules such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
2. Molecule: Molecules are made up of atoms bonded together. For example, DNA is a molecule made up of nucleotides.
3. Cell: Cells are the smallest unit of life. They can be simple, like bacteria, or complex, like human cells.
4. Tissue: Tissues are groups of similar cells working together. Examples include muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
5. Organ: Organs are structures made up of different types of tissues working together to perform specific functions. For instance, the heart is an organ made up of muscle tissue and connective tissue.
6. Organ System: Organ systems consist of multiple organs working together to carry out a particular function in the body. An example is the digestive system, which includes organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines.
7. Organism: An organism is a single living individual. It can be a plant, an animal, or a microorganism like bacteria.
8. Population: A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and interacting with each other.
9. Community: A community consists of all the populations of different species living and interacting in the same area. For instance, a forest community includes trees, animals, fungi, and bacteria.
10. Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms together with their physical environment. It includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
11. Biome: A biome is a large geographical area characterized by specific types of plants, animals, and climate conditions. Examples include deserts, rainforests, and tundras.
12. Biosphere: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It includes all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with each other and with the physical environment.
