Final answer:
Failure to distinguish between civilians and combatants leads to indiscriminate attacks and civilian casualties in warfare.
Explanation:
The consequences of combatants not knowing who is a civilian or what is a civilian object can lead to indiscriminate attacks that cause disproportionate civilian casualties and violate International Humanitarian Law principles. An example of this is when cities are targeted in warfare without regard for distinguishing between combatants and civilians, resulting in civilian deaths and suffering.
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