The impact of colonization in Latin America on land ownership and labor systems led to economic disparities and poverty among sharecroppers and laborers.
Land alienation and haciendas: In Middle and South America, the colonization by European powers resulted in wealthy landowners taking over vast lands from indigenous populations and establishing haciendas where sharecroppers worked the land, perpetuating poverty among the laborers. This system created a two-class society with extreme wealth disparities.
Plantation agriculture: Plantations in Latin America, mainly producing luxury crops for export, relied on enslaved Native Americans and later African slaves for labor, contributing to the economic inequality and land exploitation in the region. The wealthy elite profited while the laborers remained impoverished.
Transition and challenges: Post-independence, many countries' governments took control of colonial landholdings, hindering small-scale farmers' ability to compete with large agricultural producers, leading to further rural poverty and migration to urban areas for employment.
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